Intro to Religiion

Jake Walton There are many different definitions of religion, but two we are studying about is Paul Tillich’s definition and Melford E. Spiro’s definition. Paul Tillich is a Christian theologian and philosopher who defined religion â€Å"the state of being grasped by an ultimate concern, a concern which qualifies all other concerns as preliminary and which itself contains the answer to the meaning of life.Melford Spiro, a contemporary anthropologist defined religion â€Å"an institution consisting of culturally patterened interaction with culturally postulated superhuman beings. † I prefer Tillich’s definition. I prefer Paul Tillich’s definition because I am a Christian and I can relate to what he is saying with his definition. As a Christian, God is your ultimate concern, just like Tillich said. God comes before everything. He is your only way to heaven. So you have to make him your ultimate concern by living for him every day.Tillich’s def inition went on to say â€Å"a concern that qualifies all other concerns as a preliminary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , this means that God comes before anything else in life. Nothing should ever come before God. Everything else should just be a preliminary, or second to God. The last part of Tillich’s definition says a concern which contains the answer to the question of the meaning of life. This means that God is the meaning of life. I prefer Tillich’s definition because this is what I believe.I believe that God is the answer to what is the meaning of life, he has a purpose for everyone and everyone’s life. God should be your ultimate concern if you want to go to heaven, He is the only way in. You have to live your life through him, and to do that he has to be your greatest concern. If other things get in the way you have to put them off and make them second to God. Never let anything get in the way of you and God. I feel Tillich’s definition of religion is a great d efinition of religion.

A New Health Care System

Presently, the United States health care system is experiencing plentiful challenges ranging from staff shortage, overcrowding of emergency departments, and high cost of medical care to limited access for the unfortunate in the community.Signs that the system is going to collapse are almost everywhere, from hospitals overflowing with underinsured people to film laboratories unable to establish diagnosis. Currently, the health care is provided through the market with the government playing a restricted role. This has made it almost impossible for all people to have access to basic medical care. Moreover, access to health care is a major issue facing the citizens.Specific barriers to health care include lack of medical cover, the big figure of undocumented residents Although universal health care can ensure increased coverage, many people in   are opposed to increased government participation.Among the developed countries, United States is the only country that spends colossal amount s of money in its health care and fails to provide health care for its citizens. A new health care system that includes increased government participation, provision of health care in schools, ambulatory services and establishment of a charitable assistance can ensure admittance to health care for all.Introduction of Ambulatory ServicesThe new health care system will deal with common problem is overcrowding in hospital emergency departments, a trend which has momentous health implications (Park, 2007).Emergency patient’s rerouted to distant facilities risk increased mortality and morbidity. Overcrowding within the emergency department is linked with poorer results and can lead to prolonged pain and discomfort for patients. There is   need to embrace ambulatory services as means of offering health to the citizens   due to high numbers of people visiting medical facilities. The inclination towards ambulatory care in the widest sense of the word will mean outpatient health c are for which the individual isn’t booked for an overnight stay.These underlying factors will include; the dire need to reduce mounting hospital expenditure; the increased demand for better patient-focused care and the passion for improved admission at the community level. The embracement of ambulatory health care in the city may lead to greater patient contentment.School Based ProgramsMost of the young children will benefit from this novel program. In order to make health care accessible to all residents, the health care will be provided through the schools as well as in health facilities. Schools have the capacity to offer preventive and screening services to a broad range of children who might otherwise not access health care.For most of the young people attending educational institutions, there is a dire need to provide health care including dental services. This will include not only referrals for restorative but also health care preventive health care as well.A connecte d area is education on good dieting to prevent health problems such as dental conditions and to deal with the prevalent problem of obesity and its related health effects among school children. This program will not be disadvantaged by the new system.For adolescents, broadening of health programs will be required to assist students manage substance abuse, family conflict and sexuality. Learning institutions can serve as locales for early diagnosis of health problems and mental conditions; a key issue is relating students to comprehensive care to assist them deal with those problems.Increased Government Involvement.A new health care system that includes increased government involvement will help in addressing current challenges such as hazardous and pointless medical procedures and removal of monetary games between patients, insurers and doctors Park, 2007).In addition, huge amounts of cash would be saved doing away with expensive health care needed when a sick individual fails to obt ain preventive care. Further, establishment of charitable assistance for the underprivileged would be enviable, as many people would agree the current programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are invasive and harmful to the health of the patient (Castro, 1991).According to Castro, Medicare is too bureaucratic and expensive and is depriving young employees in the country (1991). To make health care more affordable, voluntary charitable assistance will be provided to enable the poor to purchase personal medical coverage thus saving them the massive bureaucratic expenses and the unbearable book-keeping requirements as well as legal threats impressed upon physicians and insurers.Challenges to the Proposed SystemThe proposed system that includes increased government participation would create problems because even in difficult days the benefits of increased government participation in health care in U. S are sadly hidden from the general public (Lev, 2009). Instead the negative effects con tinue to triumph in the minds of many policy makers.   Erroneously, most Americans are often ensnared into ideological arguments such as the perception of freedom, opposition to nationalized health care, a fake feeling of autonomy of option and irrational fear of government ineffectiveness in managing such a large system of health care.ConclusionSuch a health care system will not cause problems because when government fully caters for the expenses of medical care, in fact the individuals or employers would be freed from paying private insurance.Further, increased government participation in medical care provision would greatly decrease expenses not only as a result of exercising monopoly authority mainly in the process of purchasing drugs but also for the reason that management overheads linked   with private cover and profit margins will be eliminated. Second, the use of school based health care will guarantee that most of school going children receives screening and preventive health services which may otherwise not have been available to them.ReferencesCastro, J. (1991). Condition: Critical. Time, 38(21), 8-34Lev, S. (2009). Healthy Questions: Private versus Universal Health Care. Retrieved May3, 2009 from http://www.groundreport.com/Politics/Healthy-Questions-Private- versus-Universal-Health.Weinstein, M. et al. (1996). Recommendations of the panel on cost –effectiveness in health and medicine. Economic issues, 276(1), 1253-1258.Park, H. (2007). Broken system: The U.S. has failed at health care. Retrieved June 25,2009 from http://74.125.93.104/search?q=cache:Vj7uCP6pSB8J:www.uga.edu/globis/direc tor/articles/10272007.pdf+why+united+states+has+failed+to+socialized+medicine&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ke.   

Electrical circuits Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Electrical circuits - Lab Report Example The report looks deeper into the literature review of electrical circuits and electronic components. The focus shifts to the analysis of electrical component analysis of their behavior and responses. Electronic components in electrical circuits include semiconductor devices diode, op amp and transistors. The electronic component features are explained in developed electrical networks. Performing signal processing in the semiconductor devices is meant to get information about input signal like RMS, peak value, the relative phase and the amplitude envelope. Nonlinear components are used in the feedback loop in examining the performance of diodes and op amp devices. Transistors have the capabilities of working with small-signal and large-signal characteristics exhibited by the bipolar junction transistor. Electrical circuit resonance behavior is imperative. The design research focuses on factors leading to vibration and resonant circuit components. Analysis of both parallel and series c ircuit have been reported vividly. Their performance in terms of the quality factor, bandwidth and power, are important factors determined. The transistors are used because they boost current components of the circuit. Black box is examined for various components to determine their values and responses to varying inputs of current and voltages. The report outline drifts into determining the values by elaborating on the procedures followed in the methodology. Results of the values of component rating have been documented and analyzed. The discussion and analysis section gives view about the results. RLC response characteristics in different connection conditions have been put out expounding on the effects of loading and use of active and passive devices in electrical circuits. They achieve application in designing of filters and communication equipment. Signal systems make use of electronic

Mix design report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mix design report - Essay Example The education at the high school level is a strength that can translate to economic boost since there is about 90% of the populations aged 25years and above with this basic education. This is a true since when majority of natives have basic education they are keen and understands the work they do hence quality services Another strength that the city of London enjoys is that few people (8%) leave below poverty index. There is promise that this figure could go down due to the presence of royal opera house which creates job to many young people. The figure is also smaller nationally. The poverty index used here was an index of 1.5. Another weakness is seen in marginalization and gender disparity. Although the ratio between women to men is almost 1:1, women are restricted in owning farms and occupying leadership positions. The data under London county was suppressed implying that there were confidentially with the data for public access which is a weakness The increase in population is a weakness to the government .This is because the government should put up measures to curb the ever rising rate of population. The more the population the more burdensome and budgetary constraints to the government. The priority for the government is to create more resources for development and infrastructural alignment. Comparatively, the population keeps rising from 2000 upto 2003 projection. The manufacturer’s shipment stands at about $300Million. This although still below the expected level of industrialization, it offers the opportunity for more shipments and revenue generation for the states. This is also seen as a pointer towards creation of jobs for the young people. It is also seen as an opportunity to increase the bilateral trades and ties with the regional and counterparts countries The number of retail sales also offers the opportunity for business and trade. It can be seen that the number of retails sales significantly

Chinese Cheap Labor And Unemployment In Europe Countries Research Paper

Chinese Cheap Labor And Unemployment In Europe Countries - Research Paper Example Many western and European production oriented companies started reducing their operations in their native countries thus resulting in job cuts. As this trend continues unabated, concerns of increasing unemployment figures are being expressed by analysts. Countries like the US, UK, and Germany are considered to be the ones from where multinational companies have moved their operations eastward. It is widely believed that opening of economic policies results in mutual benefits for the trading nations, but when it is felt that jobs are being taken away from one country and handed over to another country, then it gives rise to a peculiar social sector problem. The United States of America recently saw a political campaign, during which outsourcing and increasing unemployment figures were big issues. Therefore, it becomes all the more necessary for the US government to get to the depth of the issue and try to figure out an acceptable solution. If we take a look at look at the figures of US trade with China during the last 10 years (during the period 1999-2008), we find that the trade deficit has indeed widened between in favor of China (US Census Bureau, 2009). It is therefore quite clear that while on the one hand, the Chinese dominance is increasing by leaps and bounds in the US market, the US exports to China have not been able to match the import figures. In fact, today China has literally become a talking point at all international forum. Besides some of the issues involving human rights, Tibet, Taiwan etc. the rapid progress made by the country on the trade and industry front has provided a leading edge to China. Supplies of cheaper goods to countries around the world, hazardous paints in toys etc. are also being discussed as the shortcomings arising out of China in the recent past.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Case study - Essay Example She was quite vocal and articulate, greeting the other children with a Hello everyone! Child Z is from an Asian background but she approached other English children to ask, â€Å"you play with zu zu pets? This shows that Child Z is able to initiate interaction and blend well with her peers at the nursery school, even those from different ethnic backgrounds. This illustrates Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development which stipulates that children tend to learn through their interactions with their surrounding culture. Z appears to be a self confident young person, who has learnt to interact confidently with those in her environment (Seigler, 2006), perhaps because of the high levels of love and attention she has received in her home environment. In the class, when the teacher demonstrated to the children how to make a paper boat, Z chimed in enthusiastically, â€Å"I do it! I make boat in the water†. She appears to have a strong sense of self esteem and is confident enough about being able to complete the task of making a boat (Hartup, 1992). This demonstrates the element of self regulation which Schaeffer mentions, where children tend to instruct themselves through their speech patterns (Schaeffer, 2003: 271). Piaget offered the view that early speech tends to be egocentric and is directed at the self, despite being spoken aloud, hence it has no particular function in terms of thinking (Schaeffer, 2003: 270), but Vygotsky saw such speech as externalized thought which children use actively for problem solving. The child Z appears to be well advanced cognitively, and her speech appears to be externalized thought in problem solving rather than being directed at the self. Linguistically, Child Z shows a very high level of linguistic development. She is vocal and articulate in her responses; when the lunchroom assistant asked Z what she had in her lunch box,

Presidency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidency - Research Paper Example Thinking over it, I came to an answer that it is true that there has to be someone special, laced up with every possible leaderful quality that could look in to the country’s affairs and could take a charge of deciding good or bad for its people. But when I went through the constitutional policies of United States of America, I could see some lame constitutions which need to be either rectified or replaced. Its extract is that there is no vital role or power of a President except that he is a well dressed front man representative. In this paper I would discuss that do we actually need any President or not? CONSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES: The Constitution of United States explains there are eleven main duties which has to be done in relevance to the given power and authority to the President of a Country. Constitution says that â€Å"The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the ac tual Service of the United States† This explains that a president has to be a military official; can a democratic government handle a dictating official? Secondly since after the Mexican war 1848, United States never had a chance to protect the country and it is accepted that no other country on map can challenge United States in a war, then why do we still need a military person. Constitution says that â€Å"he may require the Opinion in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment† It says that the president has a power to grant pardons, then for what reasons judiciary is there for? And if a president can misuse his power to grant an undeserved individual then isn’t he liable to stand for his account? Moreover, Executive departments are not me ntioned, and why can’t they just refer their current heads of the departments for their check and balance. Constitution says that â€Å"He shall have Power, †¦ to make Treaties, †¦ and he shall nominate, and †¦ shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for†¦all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for† In this constitution, all the power is given to Congress indirectly because whatever decision the President take, has to be approved from the Congress then what is the need of President in between, this could directly be done by a committee formed by Congress. Constitution says that â€Å"he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may a djourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers† It says that a president is liable to call congress before leaving for their home as if they cannot decide for themselves, it is much about ceremonial power; and further more there could be other officials who could go and receive ambassadors, then why president is there to fill in the place. It is obvious that a President could be

Islamic Banking and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islamic Banking and Finance - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the UAE Islamic financial services sector represents 30% of the overall Islamic banking industry based throughout the world. This has been possible largely because of rising requirement of customers within the UAE for Islamic financial services. Islamic banks in the UAE have played a crucial role in financing multiple infrastructure projects in the region, expansion of the human capital market by training talented individuals from the region and also, financed development of housing properties for the citizens of UAE. The growth witnessed in the Islamic banking industry has been driven by the growing requirement for Islamic products and services by an augmenting count of customers. The underlying reason for this growth is the emphasis that the industry lays on ethical principles, their commitment to transparency and implementation of the principle of mutual benefits in transactions and operations. The following sections will explain the produc ts and services offered by three of the leading banks based in the UAE (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and Emirates NBD). Following that, financial performance of each of the banks will be compared and lastly, comments would be made regarding the difference in between Islamic banking system that these banks follow and the conventional banking system.  The National Bank of Abu Dhabi’s Islamic Financial System is guided by Shari’a principle and rules.  

Peepepep Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Peepepep - Term Paper Example There is an increased awareness on the need to control greenhouse gas emissions in order to curtail dramatic changes in climate through implementation of climatic treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol in which the most significant feature is the commitment by developed nations to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (Malin). Several petroleum industries have adopted various strategies to control emissions and thus contribute to a cleaner environment. While some companies such as BP Amoco have extended support to the climatic treaty, others like ExxonMobil have criticized the treaty stating that the present emission rate is not that bad and adopting strategies to reduce emissions will only have a negative impact on the economy (Van den Hove, Le Menestrel and De Bettignies). The major change occurring in global climatic conditions, commonly referred to a global warming, is attributed to the increase in the mean global temperature and the rise in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The Petroleum industry is regarded as a major contributor of greenhouse gases which could occur in any of the following three ways. A majority of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, occurs via the combustion of fuels in transportation, furnaces and boilers. Emission of large amounts of methane occurs during the production and refining of crude oil as well as during transportation. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are also released during the production stage. Carbon dioxide is also released during the production of plastics, rubber, petroleum-based solvents, lubricants and waxes using petroleum derived-feedstock’s (Bluestein and Rackley). Thus the petroleum industry contributed doubly towards greenhous e gas emissions and hence is accountable for the emissions resulting from their own production and indirectly for the emissions released by the use of its products. In response to the need to control

Ideologies Aimed at Understanding the External World and Essay

Ideologies Aimed at Understanding the External World and Commercialization of Culture and Emergence of Cults in Popular Culture - Essay Example According to the research the interpretation of the external world hinges on the clear understanding of reality and perception. From a philosophical standpoint, knowledge starts with the experience of the external world through the senses—from the smelling of a fruit or the hearing of a child’s laughter. It is through the sense-data obtained (the scent of the fruit or the laughter of the child) that man is able to know the things around him. Knowledge, in this sense, is formed when man mentally creates judgments about his experiences (the smell of the fruit is sweet or the laughter of the child is loud). The problem between reality and perception stemmed from simple yet essential questions: (1) is the knowledge obtained through sense-experience true? How can man assure himself that what he perceives to be real is aligned with what is actually real? According to a philosopher named Bertrand Russell, reality exists—an objective space where all objective objects are orderly situated. Man is able to obtain knowledge about these objects, firstly, through the experience provided by his senses; and secondly, through the judgment created by his mind on such experience. The mental concept that is constructed is thus called perception. In this light, Russell deemed that man cannot exactly grasp reality since his senses do not possess the facets that would allow for him to capture these objects completely and purely. Essentially, however, man’s inquiry toward the external world reinforces an interesting insight about his nature—the desire to know. ... Two General Worldviews about the External World As mentioned previously, man’s ultimate goal is to understand the nature of the external world not only by acquiring truths about it, but also by evaluating the mental and physical processes he employs. In this sense, we begin by examining the two contrasting practices of knowledge creation that are geared toward explaining the nature of the external world: objective empiricism and hermeneutic empiricism. Both worldviews provide philosophical and scientific studies about the external world. A. Objective Empiricism Objective empiricism assumes that various phenomena in the external world are naturally configured to be perceptually accessible but autonomous of perceptions of man. Since the objective characteristics of these phenomena are independent of mental judgments, reality is thus delivered completely and purely to the perceiving man. Empiricism of this sort is often regarded to be grounded on materialism—that which adv ances the appreciation of physical objects as the premier exemplar of the real, as Anderson (1996) states. As posited by objective empiricism, as man moves the focus of his inquiries away from the nature of physical objects and into the cognitive construction of meaning, he loses the ability to empirically validate the judgments he made since the physical objects are absent from his analysis. Aside from being directly linked to materialism, objective empiricism is also associated with reductionism, which further breaks down the nature of physical objects into one single field of knowledge. Through this, Anderson (1996) believes that reductionism becomes the basis for the unity-of-science hypothesis. This hypothesis

Jews Living in America in the 1920s Essay Example for Free

Jews Living in America in the 1920s Essay In the autobiography, â€Å"Out of the Shadow†, author Rose Cohen, a Russian-Jewish immigrant, explains the social and economic conditions during the late 1800s and early 1900s for Jews immigrating into the United States. Cohen explains how many Jews fled Eastern Europe and Russia during this time due to the ruling of the tsar, fear of religious persecution, and economic restrictions. Because these restrictions were becoming the norm for Jewish people in their county, Rose’s father, a tailor, began to embark on a journey to the United States of America, in hopes of beginning a new life for himself and his family. Even though her father is captured at the border of Russia and returned home, he managed to get to America. Once in America, he began work as a tailor, striving to earn enough money to bring his entire family to America. In the next year and a half, Rose’s father is finally able to get Rose and her aunt Masha to America. During the early years of Rose’s life in America, she experiences many obstacles and conditions that were faced by Jews throughout the United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century. During Rose and her Aunt Masha’s arrival at Castle Garden in America, they experienced various social conditions, which were different and new from their old lifestyles in Russia. As Rose’s father began to introduce her to the new American society, she became very upset at that many Jews were becoming Americanized; they were forgetting completely about their Jewish religion and roots. Rose writes, â€Å"The first thing men do in America,† she had said, â€Å"is cut their beards and the first thing the women do is to leave off their wigs† (Cohen 79). She explains that the grooming of Jewish men and women was mandatory, because they had to adapt to the American way. Jews chose to conform in hopes of finding the high-paying jobs and avoiding harsh treatment. In the work force, many Jews were also Americanized through the changing and altering of their Yiddish names. By making their names more â€Å"American,† they were more understandable for American people. When Ruth first got her job, her boss’s wife asked Ruth’s father, â€Å"’Well Mr. , have you given your daughter an American name? †¦ ‘How would you like Ruth for a name? ’ I said I should like to be called Ruth† (Cohen 82). Even though many Jews were adapting to the American ways and becoming â€Å"Americanized†, in many places, Jews were highly discriminated against and treated with great disrespect. Many were physically and verbally abused, making life in America even more stressful for incoming Jews. Rose Cohen experienced this treatment on a daily basis in the lower eastside, â€Å"I had often seen these ‘loafers’, as we called them, attack a Jewish pedlar, dump his push cart of apples into the gutter, fill their pockets and walk away laughing and eating† (Cohen 104). Rose describes the different social conditions that Jews faced when immigrating to America. This maltreatment would forever change the standard of living for not only Jews, but for different immigrants coming to America from all over the world. Jews had no choice but to join the workforce, and many of them faced long work hours, low wages, and poor working conditions. Alike Rose’s father, many Russian-Jews began to embark on migrations to America in hopes of bringing their families to the land of the free. Many immigrants had to sacrifice certain needs in order to save money to send over to their family in Russia for steam liner tickets, agent fees, and other necessities needed for a safe travel to America. In her conversation with the presser of a garment shop, Rose reveals that many of the Russian-Jews who had escaped were trying even harder to get their families over to America quickly. â€Å"He said he had escaped from the Russian army a year before and that his wife and two year old little girl were still in Russia. He was trying to save and send for them† (Cohen 120). Although many Jewish people were very hardworking, there was still no job security. Jews like Rose Cohen were jumping from job to job, not knowing what the next day had in store for them. Many Jews stayed without jobs for some months at a time. Cohen recalls, â€Å"I stood a while, then I walked away from the shop, ‘Where next’, I wondered† (Cohen 132). When Jews were able to secure jobs, they faced problems such as twelve-hour workdays. This meant that their lives consisted of nothing but work, eat, and sleep, which was repeated all seven days of the week. The days were long and the working conditions were harsh. Often, Jews had to attend work deathly ill or unable to physically function. Cohen recalls when she first arrived how much her father had to work and how he was hardly ever home, working to establish himself and his family in America. â€Å"When he went away in the morning it was still dark, and when he came home at night the lights in the halls were out† (Cohen, Pg. 74). By telling her story, Rose reveals the different economic obstacles Jews faced in the work force in America. By analyzing Rose Cohen’s autobiography, â€Å"Out of the Shadow†, it uncovers the various social and economical hardships that Russian-Jews faced living in America. Even though adapting to a new life in America came with many obstacles for Jews, Rose’s story shows that many of them made it through their hardships and ultimately overcame their adversities. Rose Cohen’s autobiography serves as a great resource as to what Jewish life was in everyday America during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Works Cited.

Modernism and Postmodernism in Architecture

Modernism and Postmodernism in Architecture INTRODUCTION CONTEXT OF MODERNISM Modernism is a set of cultural or aesthetic styles which associates with the scientific and the artistic movement which started in the decade around the First World War and have dominated among several movement such as cubism, functionalism and surrealism. Sarup, M. (1993). However in architecture, modernism reacts to the dedication of addressing new buildings after the two World Wars such as mass housing of traditional forms and the potential for exploring new conditions of production such as new materials and technology. Le Corbusier and Mies van der Roche were the key influences of modern architecture; they took several cultures and tradition to formulate the notion of modern architecture. Curtis, W. J.R. (2001). Modernist have the idea that architecture should have a result as being functionalistic, positivistic, technocentric, and rationalistic with their building or urban planning. Harvey, D. (1990) page 35. In the World War II, Modernism became popular especially in the United State where it took on a new life by using different technologies such as steel frame and glass curtain walls for constructing skyscrapers and suburban office parks and shopping centers which were cost-effective. Ghirardo, D. (1996). CONTEXT OF POSTMODERNISM Postmodernism is very ambiguous to describe because it has certain elements that relates to modernism. The term originated within artists and critics in the United State in the 1960s and it was distributed in the European and other industrial nations in the 1970s. However postmodernism is an unstable concept of movement within an advance capitalist culture that argue the visual approaches in literary criticism of art, film, fashion and architecture within the political economic social conditions of the late 20th century. It also involves the new relationship between humankind and nature. Ghirardo, D. (1996). Postmodern notion of approaches to architecture derived from modernism ideology of architecture, and it even influences some postmodern architects, this is because of their knowledge from training and also their modern methods of constructions but they also add their new concept to their buildings. Jencks, C. (1988). There are three principles that Robert Sterns article portrays to describe the characteristics of postmodernism, the first characteristic is contextualism, this describes the individual building as always a fragment that represents its environment. The second is allusionism, which emphasise the building of its historical and cultural aspects, and the third is ornamentalism, and this suggests all the walls of the building to have an architectural meaning. (See the work of Robert Stern) Bertens, H. (1995) page 59. Postmodernism has also emerged the classical stage whereby it has influenced certain postmodern architects like Michael Graves, James Stirling, Norman Neuerburg and even Philip Johnsons ATT building (see figure 1). Jenks emphasise that the Free-Style Classicism determines some characteristics of postmodern architecture which started precisely from the 1980s. (See the work of Charles Jencks) Bertens, H. (1995) page 64. CRITICS OF POSTMODERNISM ON MODERNIST NOTION OF ARCHITECTURE David Harvey argues about if postmodernism, for example, represent a radical break with modernism, or is it simply a revolt within modernism against a form of high modernism. Harvey, D. (1990) page 42. This message is to question the architecture of the postmodern movement, Harvey then explains by emphasising that postmodernism has widely identify a break with the modernist conception that planning, designing and development should concentrate on the wide-scale, technologically rational and economically urban plan which should be strict on ideas of design with a functionalist perception of an international style. Harvey, D. (1990). The most influential critic on postmodernism and modernism is Charles Jenks, he portrayed architecture from a linguistic point of view as emphasises in his book The Language of Post-Modern Architecture. Jenks argues that postmodernism architecture is not a break of modernism but however its trying to overcome the ideology of its architecture not by dropping it but by extending the language to a different level into a vernacular and commercial but away from tradition. He listed all the old buildings as which had modern characteristics and named them as the ersatz, however he calls the new building as the social realism. Jencks, C. (1991) page 97. Furthermore he pinpoints the exact date for the death of modern architecture as he mention at 3:32 pm, July 15, 1972 when the Pruitt-Igoe housing project built in 1951 was demolished. Likewise Charles Jenks explores further the idea of the modernist idea within postmodernism architecture, he argues that postmodern architecture is double coded, this suggest that postmodernism is an eclectic mixture of traditional codes with modern ones this shows that modernism is always one of the codes that forms postmodernism so postmodern architecture has evolve from modernism but it must go beyond modern style. Therefore postmodernism is to break completely or drop modernist idea of architecture but has extended it into a different notion. Jenks explores Mies van de Roche who is a modern architect, he argues that the use of steel I- beams for buildings are nasty and brutal and has no purpose for its users or developers so therefore postmodernism has evolve to find solution of improving the upon modernism. Bertens, H. (1995). The indication that modernism architecture is rational and austere is because the restrictions and their influence on traditional forms and concepts which most postmodern architects see as passà ©, however when postmodern architect design they contravene to tradition also when they build their buildings they express it through a modern way by emphasising on a mixture of different styles. Likewise in the description of postmodern architecture Paolo Portoghesi who also criticise postmodernism argues that postmodern is any building that breaks modern constrains of historical styles with vernacular influences. Kolb, D. (1990) page 88. The restriction of modern architecture on historical influences is one of the main challenges of postmodernism. Jean-Francois Lyotard a postmodern critic explains that one characteristics of postmodernism is the transform nature understanding in scientific and computerised society, this has gave them advance knowledge and technology to overcoming and the rational and austere notion of modernism. Sarup, M. (1993). In favour of this, Joseph Fredrick who defended against the International Styles and his own idea of construction explains that modernism in architecture has various characters but its attack was on its style, which inevitably postmodernism has taking over. It is the austereness of modernisms traditional forms which postmodern took the advantage of scientific knowledge to break the historical influences and give freedom for architects to design their building. Larson, M, S. (1993). The division between modern and postmodern is that modern is restricted whereby postmodern has its freedom to design. Furthermore modernist notion of architecture as rational and austere to traditional restriction has not been negated by postmodern but it has interpreted and integrated modernist ideology. However Jencks argue that postmodernism has not become a break or dropped the idea of modernist architecture but it has evolve from modernism, and has notice the understanding of the development of its time so they change the direction and extended its characteristics to suit its era. Portoghesi, P. (1980). Therefore postmodernism is commonly known as the stylistic phenomenon. Ghirardo, D. (1996) page 8 Charles Jenks argues that postmodern buildings in general have made a positive impact in architecture, since the nineteenth century technological construction has made a vast improvement on buildings and has been overly-accurate as with the hand-crafted variety, this and other factors have become the main reason for its break from modernism. Likewise he argues that postmodernism has taking radically from the concept of how to knowledge building space where as modernist to see space as something to be shaped for social purposes, they interpret space as something independent, to be design according to creative aims but not to overreach its traditional influences. An example is Le Corbusiers Domino buildings (see figure 3) which started modernist development of space, however postmodernism reacted to this by looking for solutions to define place instead of abstract spaces and to establish the various ambiguity of spaces rather than the simple, predictable traditional building of moderni st architecture. Jenks, C. (1990). Le Corbusiers domino housing project There are certain features of modernism which have been developed by postmodernist architects, the spatial ideas such as layered and shallow simple spaces of Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. Postmodernist have developed these aspects into a more new kind of ambiguous space with various complex elements. Jenks, C. (1988). Charles Jencks points out that postmodern architecture have two reasons into significant technological change; the first is the contemporary communications have broken the strong modernist interest of the rational and austere spaces based on function and of social interest. The second is the advance technologies for example computer modelling which has broken away from traditional restraints and permitted the flexibility of designing and constructing. Jenks, C. (1990). Postmodernism has not dropped modernist notion of architecture but it has taking certain elements of it such as space and even some traditional aspects of building and developed it into a more complex style. However it has set freedom from modernist conception that architecture should be austere and reasonable. The advances scientific technology has aided postmodernism to evolve from modernism. Jenks, C. (1988). Michael Graves as a postmodernism architect. Michael Graves was part of the late-modern movement before he left the abstract conception approach to the New York Five in 1977; this group consisted of Peter Eisenman, Richard Meier, Michael Graves, and Charles Gwathmey. They introduce an advance technique of designing with figural element, and this has influenced postmodern architects. Schulz, N. (1990) page 7-8. He then left to join other architects such as Venturi, Moore, and Stern who were involve with the prototype for postmodernism in America. Ghirardo, D. (1996). Graves has become one of most influential architects in postmodernism, his concept of fragments have become significant to postmodernist architects to design their building in a complex and ambiguous style which contradicts the notion of modernism. Graves has also adapted postmodern classicism in architecture such as the Portland Building and the Humana Building (see figure 4 and 5). Grave has taking the traditional forms and styles of classicism and extended into a postmodern approach by introducing classical skyscrapers. Jenks, C. (1988). THE PORTLAND PUBLIC SERVICES BUILDING The Portland building (see figure 4) was a very significant municipal building within its era, which was begun in 1980 in Portland Oregon, this project provoked modernist architects because it was one of the most inspirational building in postmodernism. Powell, K. (1995). The public building is located in the middle of the area whereby it had to have a quality of postmodern landmark, but however his way out was to bring back figural forms to the building to portray the public nature of the context and urban and the internal program. He used the classical style of organisation by dividing the building into three parts; which is the base, body and the top. Bibliography Bauman, Z., 2004. Identity conversation with Benedetto Vecchi. London: Polity Press. KING, D. A., 2004. Spaces of Global Cultures Architecture Urbanism Identity. New York: Routledge. POWELL, K., 1994. Lloyds Building Richard Rogers Partnership ARCHITECTURE IN DETAILS. London: Phaidon. POWELL, K., 1999. Richard Rogers Complete Works Volume One. London: Phaidon. POWELL, K., 2001. Richard Rogers Complete Works Volume Two. London: Phaidon. SIEBERT, H., 2007. The World Economy A global analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Routledge. SILVER, N., 1997. The Making of Beaubourg: A Building Biography of the Centre Pompidou, Paris. (s.n.): MIT Press. SIMAI, M., 1990. GLOBAL POWER STRUCTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD ECONOMY IN THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY. London: Pinter publishers Limited. STRELITZ, Z., ed., 2005. Tall buildings a strategic design guide. London: RIBA Publishing. VALE, J. L., 2008. Architecture, Power, and National Identity. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge. WOODS, N., ed., 2000. The Political Economy of Globalisation. New York: Palgrave (ANON) Royal exchange luxury shopping and dining.

Implications of Internet Piracy

Implications of Internet Piracy Internet Piracy â€Å"Internet piracy in the digital age has put great pressure on both the individual and the organization within the modern business world. Ethically and morally Internet piracy is regarded as a negative force on business and the way in which companies do business. Moreover, there is increasing pressure on governments and world leaders to set up, administer and enforce laws that minimize the use of Internet piracy for illegal and destructive behavior. As the Internet is expanding and opening up in new markets, aiding faster live online connection throughout the world, it increases accessibility to software and information (Balkin, 2008; De Castro Shephard, 2008). In turn, this accessibility issue is one that many businesses may fail to address thereby leading to insufficiently protected and encrypted software. Internet piracy has arguably paved the path for software development demand, making it a very lucrative business (Balkin, 2008)†. â€Å"Web Piracy has developed into a phenomenon due to created Web systems as well as file-sharing programs. With all the expansion on the Web plus the elevated quantity of Web people in the world, the globe is becoming too many digitalized. Customers are expecting electronic data being easily accessible on the effect of a key. It has caused an astounding need with regard to electronic merchandise, where by piracy has become on the lead on the file-sharing phenomena. Napster, KaZaA as well as Microsoft include just about all also been in a negative way suffering from Web piracy. Even so, through the ashes connected with been unsuccessful business ventures theres still also been some sort of need by simply Web users with regard to available, inexpensive legal answers from the dominion connected with electronic advertising. It has just about all stimulated the progression connected with brand-new technologies, experienced entrepreneurship, as well as organizations which right now har vest the benefits of studying via some others errors, re-organizing company products as well as adjusting the way company is conducted in the modern world despite the fact that Web piracy is always uncontrolled. This specific thesis suggests which Web piracy is really a primary drivers with regard to Entrepreneurship in a few ways from the creation connected with brand-new thoughts and the springboard with regard to brand-new organizations as well as a frontrunner connected with engineering†. â€Å"Dahlstrom et al. (2006) discuss the technological Internet piracy phenomenon from the beginning of its presence on the Internet. Choi and Perez (2007) go a step further and take into account the fact that Internet piracy has existed since the Internet was chiefly used as a distribution tool for researchers at universities and government institutions. It is important to note however, that this copying and sharing of information was not originally referred to as ‘Internet piracy’. It was an important way for academics and government officials to share important information. Choi and Perez (2007) state that due to software mainly being open source code it was free and easily distributed and only when software companies started putting a price tag on their products, did Internet piracy become a regularly used word in the IT vernacular. This in turn has made Internet piracy a large and worldwide phenomenon, which greatly affects us all and has greatly influenced the de velopment of this thesis†. â€Å"Napster’s good results started out using Fanning’s perspective in order to shut the particular difference concerning supply in addition to require within the songs sector. Napster earned the latest time connected with file-sharing using todays technology by using the internet in addition to therefore solved the particular indexing issue connected with looking for songs as a result of normal Google search motors. (Oram, 2001). Napster perhaps created a new require with the supply connected with contributed digital mass media and also the availability of this. This problem in this was the particular violation on the copyrighted product. Although Napster created the latest form of technologies pertaining to document discussing this would not occur without having the problems; Internet piracy includes a negative significance inside the particular songs organization simply because eliminate buyers, profits and it probably likewise loss their reputation in addition to brand name. (Gupta, Kamala Srinivasan, 2005) While P4 mentions, the particular change in which Napster produced built the particular record companies think in addition to â€Å"It can force the particular record-labels in order to confirm in addition to match the buyers. † This fight Internet piracy is constant and it isnt going to seem like Internet piracy web-sites in addition to related application can vanish any moment rapidly because of the particular excessive file-sharers and also the require pertaining to readily readily available on-line items†. â€Å"Provided that there exists a require as well as a supply which can be met as a result of P2P in addition to Bit Torrent technologies in addition to request there will be an opportunity pertaining to Internet piracy and it is people to produce the particular mass media readily available (Gibert, 2010). Napster noticed enable you to lower the particular require by simply increasing the particular supply; sadly this would not look at the lawful implications which could comply with. Even so, a large handful of application companies who have revolutionized the particular market segments using lawful alternatives – Apple company Inc. in addition to Spotify for instance. While P6 expresses: â€Å"Would weve designed remedies like iTunes Spotify devoid of the behavior connected with cutthroat buccaneers and also the lawful behavior attempting to stop piracy? We could dispute that any of us have seen the particular growth connected with application techniques in addition to economic designs good social-technical-legal-political situation in addition to consequently we could dispute in which piracy devices a few varieties of scientific progress†Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"Warner (2002), Picard (2005) along with Roth (2004) just about all focus on the implications connected with new technological know-how and also the popular distribution connected with software package, audio along with video tutorials on the net. Especially, many people tackle the Bit Torrent along with P2P technological know-how. Bit Torrent along with P2P was being connected with considerable importance on the improvement connected with record revealing technological know-how. Konigsberg (2002) looks at these technological know-how comprehensive along with explains the worthiness the technological know-how (and the cause code with the applications) have had for the emergence connected with record revealing software and also the Net. With nowadays, several important celebrities inside Net record revealing sector come about: Rimmer (2005) as an illustration, looks at the implications the Napster application got for the hiburan sector and also the technique these kinds of corpo rations treated Net piracy. Honigsberg (2002) additionally looks at legislation meets along with implications set forth simply by the hiburan businesses exactly who sued along with picked up legitimate fights towards Napster, KaZaA as well as other record revealing real estate agents†. â€Å"Strangely enough, World Wide Web piracy does help the particular progress regarding fresh technological innovation as well as aid in entrepreneurial growth. And also assisting organizational growth yet at the same time placing key obstacles in the way on their behalf. The entire world has to come across stability in which buccaneers tend to be definitely not hunted as witches, but some common soil ought to be fixed specifically simply by authorities as well as lawmakers as a way to target the World Wide Web piracy phenomenon. From the research regarding the way it is studies, it is obvious in which even when technological innovation is not blatantly designed for piracy it could all of which will whenever possible provide for your function. World Wide Web Piracy nevertheless, in addition has allowed pertaining to technical developments that we might or else not have observed. Finally, piracy possesses in many circumstances started out fresh opportunities pertaining to business people with whom are actually capable of utilize the fresh technological innovation pertaining to authorized as well as effective business†. â€Å"References and Bibliography :- Balk in, D., B., De Castro, J., O. and Shepherd, D., A., (2008): Can entrepreneurial firms benefit from product piracy?. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 75-90. Beckman, E. (Responsible publisher), Pettersson, B. (Broadcast producer) (2012). Chin., W., W., Khalifa, M. and Limayem, M., (2004): Factors motivating software piracy: a longitudinal study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 51, No. 4. Choi, D.Y. and Perez, A., (2007): Online piracy, innovation, and legitimate business models. Technovation, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 168-178. Darity, W., A., Jr., (2008): Demand. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 268-271. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. McDonald, V., L., (2009): Before-and-After Case Study Design, in A., J., Mills, G., Durepos E., Wiebe (eds), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 52-5. Oram, A., (2001): Peer-to-Peer: Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies. OReilly Media, p. 448. Porter, T., (2006): Practical VoIP Security. Rockland, MA: Syngress. Rao, L., (2011): Skype Revenue Up 20 Percent To $860M In 2010; Paid Users Up 19 Percent. TechCrunch, available at: http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/07/skype-revenue-up-20-percent-to-860m-in-2010-paid-users-up-19-percent/, viewed 25 April 2012. Rimmer, M., (2005): Hail to the Thief: A Tribute to KaZaA. University of Ottawa Law and Technology Journal, Volume 2, No 1, pp. 173 – 218.Internet Piracy and Entrepreneurial Growth Andersson, Eventorn, Nilsson 55 Warner, M., (2002): The New Napsters. Fortune, 146, 3, pp. 115-116.es†.

Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich :: Descriptive Writing Examples

Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich    Are you tired of slaving over a hot stove? Are you tired of wasting countless hours waiting for some rotten meat to cook? Are you run down or restless worrying weather your kids will like whatever meal you cook? Well, if so, then this sandwich is for you! It is easy to make and we will guarantee at a cheap price, you can't go wrong. It is nutritious and with the large amount of calcium it is even a healthy snack that is great for a growing child! You won't need to waste stove work for this! All you need is a knife, peanut butter, and jelly! With all of the work you have you don't need another burden! Just make a quick and easy sandwich! Try it! It is YUM YUM good!    One can find a loaf of bread at any local super market in the bakery Isle or they could find it is a local bread store. There are many different types of breads so one may choose which is sufficient to ones needs. After one purchases the bread, take it back to where one will be making the sandwich and set it on a flat surface. One will see that the loaf has two ends on it. One is clued shut very snuggly and the other side a white twist tie is holding the two ends together. (If one does not know what a twist tie is go to the last page of this essay.) Grab the two ends of the twist tie and turn each end every way until you can see that it is coming undone. Once the twist tie is fully unattached to the loaf of bread, you can now work your way into the loaf by pulling the ends that were connected to the twist tie. Pull out two pieces of bread out of the bag and setting them on the flat surface that you chose. Set them slightly close together so when one goes to coat the bread with peanut butter and jelly.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One can find peanut butter in any local supermarket. There are many different Varieties, and after one has purchased the peanut butter, take it back to where

A Winter Never to be Forgotten - Original Writing :: Papers

A Winter Never to be Forgotten - Original Writing In the terrible winter of 2002 a young man named Mark Kyle was staying in his parents cabin on the outskirts of Detroit. Marks fiancà ©e Kortney Skelly was to follow him up a few days later. On the night Kortney was to arrive Mark decided to plan a romantic evening to surprise her. As he began to set up candles around the dining room of the cabin for Kortney's arrival he discovered that there was not enough firewood to last them throughout the night. So he put on his winter jacket, stepped out into the cold and misty night and gathered firewood from the pile which was kept at the side of the cabin. As Mark was collecting firewood he noticed Kortney's car parked about fifty yards from the cabin. As Mark approached Kortney's car he noticed footprints and what seemed to be dragging marks. Mark began to get very worried as he started to follow the prints. As Mark followed the strange tracks into the dark, misty woods even his broad, bulky physique began to fiercely tremble with the fear of what he might discover. His dog Jack ran a few meters in front of him. Mark heard the distinct barking of Jack. Mark immediately ran towards the barking to see what had disturbed him. When Mark caught up with Jack he fell to his knees at the horrific sight that lay before him. Kortneys soft complexion and fine facial features stared Mark right in the face. He instantly tried to resuscitate her but unfortunately when he put pressure on her chest blood gushed from her lips onto Marks jacket. He hysterically lifted Kortney and carried her back to the cabin. When he reached the cabin he carried her into the living room and placed her on the floor. Mark then got a blanket from one of the guest rooms and gently wrapped it around her rigid, blood covered corpse.

The National Climate Change Technology Initiative :: Environmental Policy Politics

The National Climate Change Technology Initiative (NCCTI) On June 11, 2001, in combination with his creation of the U.S Climate Research Initiative, President Bush stated that the United States is a world leader in technology and innovation and new technologies can offer a great advance towards climate change. As a result, Bush created a complement to the Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI), called the National Climate Change Technology Initiative (NCCTI). The goal of NCCTI was to make the U.S a stronger leader of climate change-related technology research and development by improving research and development investments across U.S. agencies and by focusing the Federal R&D portfolio on Bush's climate change goal, both near and long term. NCCTI adds on to an extensive foundation of ongoing activities in R&D of climate change-related technologies. The President said on June 11, 2001: "We're creating the National Climate Change Technology Initiative to strengthen research at universities and national labs, to enhance partnerships in applied research, to develop improved technology for measuring and monitoring gross and net greenhouse gas emissions, and to fund demonstration projects for cutting-edge technologies, such as bioreactors and fuel cells."(5) Potential impacts of technology on a global scale are relatively long-term, the NCCTI is guided over this by the climate change goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992 (Kyoto Protocol), ratified by the United States and more than 170 other countries (5) (3). The UNFCCC calls for the "... stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in Earth's atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."(5) In order to achieve this long-term goal, net emissions of greenhouse gases on a global scale must ultimately approach levels that are lower than they are today. (1) Current activities of the NCCTI include a thorough and continuing review of all climate change technology-related research and development programs, with focus on improving the integration of supporting basic research activities. The NCCTI interagency working group is developing criteria to identify high-priority programs that may have the largest potential impact in the long term for reducing, avoiding, or sequestering greenhouse gas emissions.(5)(4) NCCTI also includes a proposal to fund a unique competitive solicitation program, in which technology research ideas will be funded on the basis of their potential to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions.

17th Century Art, Light vs. Dark Essay

The use of light and dark in 17th Century art captures your eye, and you wish to include this important Baroque element in your book. Look at the portraits in the text and pick two painters and compare how they use brilliant light and dark shading to illuminate parts of the human body. I will use two different artists Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Battle of the nudes. Along with, Michelangelo. Pieta from Old Saint Peter’s. 17th Century Art, light vs. dark I will take a look at Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Battle of the nudes from the c. 1465-1470 The engraving is in my hometown of Cincinnati Art Museum, in Ohio. This shows men at war fighting and killing one another everyone is in the nude. The five men wearing headbands and five men without, fighting in pairs with weapons in front of some woods. To me it looks like the ones that have on the bands are on one team and the other’s are together. The designer and engraver, sculptor was a trained goldsmith and bronze sculptor. answers. com) I like this one because its art you can feel. Michelangelo. Pieta from Old Saint Peter’s, laying across the Virgin Mary. With the dead Christ in her arms, with the body of an average-sized man. Cardinal Jean Bilheres de Lagraulas’ due to his death, he was not able to see the completion of. The inventive triangular composition conveys grandeur. Mary is seated upon the Rock of Golgotha, which had supported Christ on the cross. She is extensively draped in clothing and her body is large. He’s body looks like its falling off of the lap of Mary. Instead of Christ’s body showing deformation from hanging on the cross. On this statue hands are very expressive, with her right hand holding and cradling Christ, while her left hand is extended. One of the most famous works of art, the Pieta was probably finished before Michelangelo was 25 years old.

B2B Organizational Marketing

Present day market leaders confront a number of challenges in securing new orders and customers. These challenges may take the form of a larger number of players influencing the customer decision process, increased buying criteria, greater expectations of faster feedback, and more expectations from the customers that the sales force understand the customer’s requirements. The customers have become more demanding and the competitors have become more productive which have also increased the challenges being faced by the businesses.The businesses are expected to possess the characteristics of flexibility, speed, easiness in dealing, fast, resilience, customer focus, and human warmth in their dealings (Rick Wolfe). Being a business based on the impulse and moods of the customers, the leisure cruise business needs much of these factors to be integrated into them for being successful in attracting more and new customers.This paper attempts to make a detailed report on the marketing techniques and business issues relating to the Carnival Cruise Lines and Crystal Cruise Lines who are the players in the same line of business with different marketing approaches to the business. Carnival Cruise Lines – A Background The evolution and growth of Carnival Cruise Lines marked the redefining of the leisure cruise industry. The company approached a diverse market adopting a novel theme of ‘Fun Ships’ adequately supported by competitively low pricing.There was increased pressure from competition which forced the company to have a relook into its ‘Fun Ship’ brand, without disturbing the equity content of the brand already developed by the company. From the points of view of the customers the cruise lines do not have any differentials. Hence it became necessary for the Carnival Cruise Lines to differentiate them to the customers by providing upgraded product features, efficient service, and a brand image which is not only convincing but also sophisticated.The 2,974 passenger capacity 110,000 ton Carnival Liberty was set to sail in July 2005. Built at $ 500 million the ship was the twenty first vessels in the fleet of Carnival Cruise Lines and it gave the company more passenger carrying capacity than any other cruise lines. The company arranged cruises covering more than three million guests during the financial year 2004 and the company’s revenues were in the region of $ 9. 73 billion, with net earnings of $ 1. 85 billion in the year 2004.The company has been maintaining its principles to adhere to the term ‘Fun Ships’ throughout the year and a time has come when the top leaders of the company have to have a rethinking on the level of customer service so that they can still maintain the brand image. This was due to the fact that there have been increased expectations and renewed competition in the industry. Marketing Strategy of Carnival The company had to develop its marketing strategy purely out of necessity. At a certain point of time Carnival did not have to make an advertising campaign to promote its cruises.In fact at that time no cruise lines made any efforts to advertise. During the start up years which were lean the onboard product was limited. The customers’ expectations were also limited as the cruise products that were available were still relatively new to the market and to the customers. The ‘Fun Ships’ concept of marketing was set in motion by Dickinson for the first time in the 1973 when he took charge as the vice-president sales of Carnival. He was inspired by the concept of ‘Happy ship’ promoted by Commodore Cruise Lines.This promotion started at a time when the cruise marketing focused its attention on the destinations covered by the cruises rather than the ships that were used for the cruises. The cruising during these times was promoted as a highbrow, luxurious experience. However Carnival adopted a different marketing strat egy by reasoning that ‘fun’ was what people really wanted to experience in a vacation. The company promoted the cruise in Mardi Gras as a fun-ship experience while cruising instead of promoting the cruises on the basis of destinations.This way Carnival decided to send a message that was unique in the cruise industry. (20) The marketing strategy of the company centered round the policy of the company to anchor the brand ‘Fun Ships’ to coincide with its positioning strategy. This enabled Carnival build an unmatched value proposition on the promise of fun during the cruise. This promise of fun has been made the marketing strategy of the company for at least the next thirty years of its existence.In quite contrast to the other cruise line customers Carnival through its ‘Fun Ships’ marketing theme attracted middle-class customers who are relatively young. To these kinds of customers Carnival offered full casinos, live music, discos, and wild daytime activities–including belly-flop, beer-chugging, and hairy-chest contests which were offered for the first time by any cruise. These fun based activities were quite different from the existing idea of in-cruise entertainment of shuffleboard and afternoon tea.With a view to make improvements in these fun activities Carnival built the new ships starting from the year 1980 providing for the facilities for the fun activities with bright colors and neon lighting unlike anything before seen in a cruise ship. These were quite different and shocking to the traditional ship owners. Carnival used the first-time cruisers as tools for the market development strategy for communicating the brand message of ‘Fun Ships’. The company articulated the ‘Fun Ships image by showing the ships and the possible entertainment architecture within the ships.The company promoted the marketing theme as ‘having fun comprising of guests â€Å"dining, dancing, playing, swimming, sun ning, and socializing at affordable price†. The company has started the advertising commercials in the 1984 and was the first cruise to advertise on the Television. The marketing objective of the company remained provision of fun all along the cruise. The company however continued to have the marketing objective to â€Å"introduce vacationers to cruising and to reinforce the image of Carnival as the essence of fun† (J. Robert Kwortnik Jr 2006).Challenges to Carnival’s Market-Leadership The major challenge to the marketing efforts of Carnival and a threat to its market-leadership position, is the continuous copying of the ‘Fun Ships’ brand by the competitor lines. For example the Royal Caribbean’s product offering of adventure-theme challenged the fun concept of Carnival Cruise Lines by an active-adventure version of Royal Caribbean; similarly the next generation of the ships of Royal Caribbean had a water theme park which would challenge Carni val Line’s water-park innovation.Another threat to the market position of Carnival arises due to the repositioning of the brand. This may be the result of the tension faced in the development of brand image which is characterized by the improvements in the product. However the management steers the brand toward a more sophisticated version of fun, the risk of mixed signals and brand confusion This makes the a brand's equity as more a function of the customers for a particular brand than the function of the brand. Crystal Cruises – a Background Crystal Cruise offers a hybrid style of cruising experience which is intriguing.Though the cruise line is decidedly upscale, its ships are larger ones quite unlike its luxury line competitors. These ships have the capacity of carrying 940 passengers. NYK lines of Japan own Crystal Cruises. The company founded in the year 1990 is based in Los Angeles. The earlier ships owned by the company included a 940-passenger ship by name â⠂¬ËœCrystal Harmony. This ship was first launched in the year 1990. The ‘Crystal Symphony’ was the second one to follow and also has a passenger carrying capacity of 940-passengers.The company added to its fleet the new ship ‘Crystal Serenity’ with a capacity of 1080 passengers which first sailed in the summer of 2003. The company has sold the ship ‘Crystal Harmony’ in the year 2005 to have once more only two ships in its fleet (Cruise Critic). Though the company has only two ships it has earned the distinction of one of the best cruise lines in the world with the extravagance of services it offers on board the ships. The added feature which enhances the marketing ability of the Crystal is the health club products it offers on board its ships including the Spa.Crystal Serenity is the largest ship of Crystal Cruise. This ship has all the facilities that the cruises of Crystal normally provide. These features include a Sushi Bar, a tennis court, and a board room offering variety of wines. The ship also provides a state – of – the – art children’s play area known as ‘Fantasia’ and also a teen center. There is also an indoor/outdoor pool and a higher ratio of balcony cabins and about 85 percent of the staterooms are having verandahs. The attractiveness of Crystal Cruise is magnified by its getting the ISO 14001 certification for its fleet-wide environmental management system maintenance.In continuation of its environmental management program the company is continuously establishing new goals to minimize the degradation to environment by reducing the use of plastics and increased recycling and enhanced fuel efficiency (Even Keel). Marketing Strategy of Crystal Cruises Crystal’s bigger ships carrying more passengers are one of the marketing points as against its smaller competitors. The company has a unique characteristic of having a highest guest-to-staff and largest guest-to-spa ce ratio.This has won more number of repeat passengers. The smaller line competitors do not have the facilities to compete with Crystal. â€Å"The facilities that crystal offer include biggest-ships-in-luxury-class status along with far more options, in terms of entertainment, socializing, casinos, spa and fitness facilities, activities, and enrichment opportunities† (Cruise Critic). â€Å"The renowned Crystal experience is distinguished by incomparable service, abundant space, extensive choices, and superior quality† (Crystal Cruise).Crystal Cruises is offering a program known as ‘Share the Experience’ which offers membership to its repeat customers to ‘Crystal Society’. The members of this society are given $ 100 shipboard credit when they are able to persuade a first timer to take a cruise with crystal. Crystal has roughly 60 percent of its customers as first timers to the cruise line. The marketing strategy of the company is to bring in mo re new customers and increase the ratio of new customers. The company believes in getting more to the new people for its growth (Christopher Elliott, 2007)The product offering by Crystal includes the ‘Crystal Spa’ the only Feng Shui- designed Spa on board any ship is one of the major marketing points for Crystal. â€Å"Superior service, state-of-the-art facilities and amenities, such as treatment rooms, saunas and a private sun deck or relaxation area with expansive ocean views, propelled the luxury line's Crystal Spa into first place among the magazine's savvy travelers who placed it alongside, and even above, some of the foremost spas in the world† (Crystal Cruises).The other area where Crystal concentrates to improve the satisfaction of its customers is the service being provided by its extraordinary staff which makes the cruises with crystal a unique experience. The company claims that their attention to details is the strength of its marketing and the compan y also provides a personalized experience with a boutique ‘Crystal Adventures’ and other customized ‘Crystal Private Adventure’.â€Å"The line’s glamorous casinos, array of evening entertainment and creative culinary venues and menus — such as the cuisine of master chef, Nobu Matsuhisa — rate high among those seeking quality choices on their floating luxury resort† (Article Avenue). Marketing Strategies of Carnival and Crystal – A Comparison While Carnival Cruise Lines are perceived to have action packed fun and look for younger and value driven customers, Crystal Cruise targets older generation customers who are keen to receive five star services aboard luxurious ships.The basic distinction in the marketing concepts of both the lines lies in the way they perceive the preferences of the customers. On the basis of the products that these lines can offer they select their customer bases and arrive at the marketing strategies . The idea of getting more number of new customers is considered unique as far as Crystal is concerned since the company feels that with the extravagant service it offers on board it can make them repeat their visits to their cruises.By taking more care on the health aspects with the provision of Spa and other extensive health club facilities the travelers will feel more at land than at sea. This coupled with the provision of the highest guest service with more number of attendants and staff would make the customers feel that their travel was filled with an experience quite different and they may decide to experience it once again. In the case of Carnival the marketing strategy involves more value in terms of fun at lesser cost while cruising. The cost factor is taken as the base of promoting their product offering.The customers that Carnival caters to being young ones the company takes more care to provide as many number of recreation facilities to the customers so that they repeat their visits to the cruise. Conclusion In general as the sales teams deepen their knowledge about the customer’s needs and preferences they are able to pinpoint the metrics that the customers will make use of for making an assessment of the product offerings by different vendors. This gives rise to several variations and product differentiations by the suppliers to meet the requirements of different customers.This is evident from the fact that two cruise lines’ – Carnival and Crystal – product offerings. It is observed that both of the lines have different marketing objectives and different set of customer segments to cater to and serve. While Carnival has the marketing strategy of having fun during the cruise and attract younger customers, Crystal looks for increased number of new customers with a product offering of fun combined with health with the offering of the state of the art Spa and other connected facilities aboard to attract the customers. Ref erencesArticle Avenue ‘Information and Tips for a Cruise Ship Vacation’ Christopher Elliott (2007) ‘Strategies to Make More Passengers Maiden Voyagers’ The New York Times dated February 25th 2007 Cruise Critic ‘Crystal Cruises’ Crystal Cruise ‘Crystal Cruises Celebrates Thanksgiving and Fall Sailings with Family â€Å"Values† ‘ Crystal Cruises ‘Crystal Cruises Named No. 1 Cruise Line Spa by the Readers of Conde Nast Traveler’ Even Keel ‘Cruise Line News: Crystal Cruise’ J. Robert Kwortnik Jr (2006) ‘Carnival Cruise Lines: Burnishing the brand’ http://www. allbusiness. com/accommodation-food-services/1190122-1. html Rick Wolfe ‘The New B2B Marketing Dashboard’

Fight Club Essay

In the movie â€Å"Fight Club† is about the narrator, Jack’s, fantasy of an alternate reality, his personal shadow. Tyler Durden represents Jack’s unconscious collective shadow. Jack, the protagonist, has a meaningless, boring and empty life, and suffers from insomnia. Jack tries to lend color to his insignificant life by purchasing new commodities like his furniture which are the fetish items of the narrator and they provide him with more meaningful existence. Jack has a dull life and he could not find any time for his hobbies due to his busy business life. He has no girlfriend or even a close friend. He does nothing to have fun and he suppresses all his instincts for pleasure in his unconscious. Although he is not happy about his life, every morning he wakes up, goes to work and travels frequently. He suffers from insomnia because he is suppressing his shadow. Later, he finds the idea of participating in cancer and disease support groups. Jack lacks the courage to confront his shadow. Instead, Jack indentifies with her persona, the role the world expects him to play. As the movie progresses Jack gradually begins to become aware of his shadow, and how it motivates his behavior. It is only by doing so that he begins the process of self-realization. One criticism that will be made is that the movie depicts a superficial and incomplete process of self-realization. â€Å"Jung considers the confrontation with the shadow, with one’s own evil, to be of the great psychological value. Understanding something about one’s shadow side is the beginning of self-knowledge. Without the realization of the shadow all real further psychological progress is blocked† (34). As I mentioned before, Tyler Durden is the collective unconscious side of Jack. In other words, Tyler represents the shadow of the narrator in â€Å"political confrontation†. Jack projects onto Tyler, the enemy side, which we view as hopelessly corrupt, sadistic, vindictive, and inhuman. â€Å"The collective shadow, viewed as a component of the collective unconscious, is the archetype of collective evil and can be represented by such archetypal images as the Devil, the Enemy, the Bad Guys, and the Evil Empire† (33-4). Tyler slowly begins to take control away from the narrator. The narrator gets pleasure from Tyler’s crazy, uncontrolled behaviors because Tyler does the things that the narrator imagines doing unconsciously, but was unable to do because of ociety pressure, which encouraged repressing his desires. Jung states, â€Å"Your shadow, the imperfect being in you that follows after and does everything which you are loath to do, all the things you are too cowardly or too decent to do† (35). The narrator gets pleasure from these anarchistic behaviors. Tyler also destroys the narrator’s house in order to prevent him from continuing his virtual life. Then, Tyler initiates a reaction like Jung’s shadow conception, full of violence and sexuality. He manifests his violence and forms an underground boxing club called Fight Club. Hopeless people like Bob who has testicular cancer and many other people who are not happy about their lives, which are full of suppressed emotions and societal pressures, join Fight Club. Tyler also satisfies his sexual instincts with Marla whereas the narrator fails to do so. Tyler becomes a cult hero and he even manages to get paid without ever going to work because of the shadow’s charisma, self-confidence and revolutionary aspect. However, after a while we start to realize the negative effects of the shadow. The shadow, Tyler Durden, takes control completely and he gets out of balance. Fight Club becomes an anarchistic group and Tyler prepares a big plan (Project Mayhem) for destroying all the banks, financial sector buildings. Tyler is thus transformed into a public enemy who wants to destroy the capitalist system. In the movie, Tyler says, â€Å"It is only when you have lost everything, you are free to do anything†. He wants to live in a primitive society in which everyone has nothing and everyone is equal. This feeling comes to his mind because of the influence of the shadow archetype. As Jung mentioned, archetypes are characteristics that reflect our primitive nature. Tyler rants, â€Å"You are not your job, you are not your money in your bank account†. The shadow becomes very destructive, violent and dangerous as Tyler clearly becomes a monster who threatens society. Tyler sees society and the capitalist system as his enemies. Tyler shows us exactly all the aspects of Jung’s shadow concept: violence, sexuality, self-confidence, charisma, courage, madness and a lack of balance. What makes Tyler so strong is the narrator’s error in repressing his shadow for such a long time. After a period, the narrator understands that his conscious mind was taken over for a while and he begins to fight Tyler. He gets rid of Tyler in the last scene by shooting himself and thus by metaphorically reducing the influence of the shadow, Tyler in his mind. The narrator thus achieves a new psychical balance and gets rid of his shadow Tyler Durden. Jung explains, â€Å"Consequently, the murder of the hero represents the need for change, for a ‘revaluation of earlier values,’ at midlife. The shadow figures of savage and dwarf represents the murderous energy as well as the insight, the shadow wisdom, needed to kill the hero and to transcend a youthful heroic attitude toward life†.

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Essay

This paper discusses a timeline of the development of nursing science history starting with Florence Nightingale to present times. Florence Nightingale will always be associated with nursing, regardless how the field of nursing changes. Significant historical events to include dates which have enhanced the field of nursing will be discussed. Over the past century, the field of nursing has been positively impacted by numerous theories. (Kendall, 2011). Florence Nightingale, worked to improve conditions of soldiers in the Crimean War (1854), and she is known for laying the foundation for professional nursing (Kendall, 2011). Statistical charts and graphs were utilized by Florence Nightingale for the support of her theory as the first nursing theory (Donahue, 1996). For example, her theory related to a positive, clean environment. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published a small book called Notes on Nursing, relating to how to take care of babies (Florence Nightingale). Florence Nightingale was responsible for providing a new image for female nurses as a profession. She opened the Nightingale School of Nursing, the first formal nurse training program (Brestovansky, 2014). For example, the Nightingale Training School was opened in 1860, and modern nursing was created (Florence Nightingale). She also reformed midwife practices and established a health visitor service in Britain (Brestovansky, 2014). The 1950’s introduced theorists such as Orem and Peplau, and the existence of psychological theories entered during this century (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). For example, the patient’s needs were a focus of the theories related to psychology. The self-care theory related to a goal of a person caring for themselves. And if they are not self-deficit, a nurse will be expected to care for the individual (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). During this same period of the 1950’s, a developmental theory was developed that related to nursing and interpersonal relationships (Kiikkala and Munnukka, 2006). Peplau’s  theory regarded nursing as interpersonal because of a common goal between two or more people (2011). This common goal contributed to a mutual respect between the patient and nurse (Peplau, 2011). Nursing Theory Timelines (Development of Nursing, 2013). 1860- Florence Nightingale: Manipulating the client’s environment facilitates the body’s reparative processes. 1952- Hildegard Peplau: Nursing is a therapeutic interpersonal process. 1955- Henderson: The needs often called Henderson’s 14 basic needs. 1960- Faye Abdellah: The nursing theory describes delivering of nursing care for the whole person. It relates to the physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs of the client and family. 1962- Ida Orlando: The client is an individual that has a need. When met distress diminishes, adequacy increases, or enhances well-being. 1968- Dorothy Johnson’s theory of nursing focuses on the client’s adaption to illness. It also focuses on how actual or potential stress can affect the ability to adapt. The focus of the goal is on nursing to reduce stress. Therefore, the client can move more easily through recovery. 1970- Martha Rogers Theory: Health Promotion wellness, prevention of illness, and rehabilitation of the ill and disabled client through â€Å"humanistic science of nursing 1971-Dorothea Orem: The theory is about a self-care deficit theory. Nursing care becomes necessary when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs. 1971- Imogene King: Communication can assist the individual reestablish positive adaptation to environment. 1972- Betty Neumann: The goal of system model of nursing practice is stress reduction . 1979- Roy Callista: The adaptation model is based on the physiological, psychological, sociological and dependence-independence adaptive modes. 1979- Watson’s Theory: Watson’s philosophy defines the outcome of nursing activity in regard to the; humanistic aspects of life. The 1990’s-2000’s consists of numerous research studies which test and e xpand nursing theory (History of Nursing Science, 2013). The late 20th century continued to expand research studies and nursing theories. Practice orientation was the focus in the late 20th century which continues today Nursing Science and Profession Relationship Nursing science and the profession have been seen as complex for  numerous years (Lindberg, 2005). According to Lindberg, the complexity of the healthcare system, increased technology, and the speed of care provided are contributors to the complexity of nursing science and the professional relationship. Science provides an increasing flow of contributions to the nursing care delivery which enhances the professional relationship (Lindberg, 2005). It is vital for nursing scholars and leaders to get involved in the new science for insights that will enable nurses to enhance the well-being of patients (Lindberg, 2005). For example, nurses play a central role in health care; a complex system, and they interact with numerous elements of the system. These elements involve patients, families, physicians, communities and public health agencies according to Lindberg (2005). Influences on Nursing Science of Other Disciplines The disciplines of philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, social sciences and psychology positively impact nursing (History of Nursing Science, 2013). According to The History of Nursing Science (2013), the individuals impacted by these disciplines are the ones who deliver nursing practice. Conclusion The roles of nurses continue to expand, and theories are used to improve quality of care. A time line of important events in the field of nursing which. has contributed to the profession has been discussed. Nursing is committed to serve the healthcare needs of society. Throughout history, nursing has shown the uniqueness of the profession. The nursing practice benefits daily from the interaction with other disciplines. Numerous positive outcomes have occurred throughout the decades with the use of theories for the enhancement of the quality of patient care. References Brestovansky, L (2014). A history in nursing. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5364906_history-nursing.html Development of Nursing Theories (2013). Retrieved from http://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/development_of_nursing_theories.html Donahue, P. A. (1996). Nursing: The Finest Art (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Nightingale, F. Timeline part 2:1850-1901. Retrieved from http://www.countryjoe.com/nightingale/tl2.htm Kendall, C. (2010). Nursing history theory and timeline. Retrieved from http://www.careerpath360.com/index.php/nursing-history-theory-and-timeline- 10767/ Kiikkala PhD, I., & Munnukka PhD, T. (2006). Nursing Research: On What Basis? [Entire issue]. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2). doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2648.1994. tb01087.x Lindberg, C. (2005). Complexity: The science of the 21st century. Retrieved from https://stti.confex.com/stti/bcscience38/techprogram/paper_25908.htm Peplau, H. (2011). Theory of interpersonal relationships.. Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/hildegard-e-peplau.html The History of Nursing Theory (2013). Retrieved from http://prezi.com/nfrrptnxrczz/the-history-of-nursing-science/

Noise Level Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Noise Level - Research Paper Example In order to maximize private benefits of road transportation, people very conveniently discounted the external cost incurred on inhabitants of city. Because of noise pollution caused by road transportation, city dwellers suffer from sleep disorders; severe stress on nervous systems, escalated blood pressure, hypertension, chronic heart problems, continuous headache, frustration, annoyance, noise induced hearing loss, and finally, the loss of good quality life (Ventre, & Case, 1971). The best way to reduce traffic noise pollution is to install noise barriers at the residential area. â€Å"Noise barriers diminish the decibel level by 10 to 15 decibels, which means reducing the sound in half. Sound barriers consist of two types, earth berm and noise walls. Noise readings can assist engineer decide about type, location, length and height of a noise barrier† (Ventre, & Case, 1971). Noise walls are made up of concrete, stucco, wood, masonry, and metal (Gelfand, 2009). On the other h and, earth berms are more appropriate for visual looks depending on the material and room. Just like noise wall, earth berm also blends in with surrounding effectively. Moreover, plants are added to it in order to cover it up (Ventre, & Case, 1971). However, sound barrier will only be effective if residents behind it cannot see the road, which implies that they are in shadow zone.

Report on Sustainability Practice Research Paper

Report on Sustainability Practice - Research Paper Example The report analyses the development of the term sustainable tourism. It highlights on the failures and success of sustainable tourism and in the midst identifying the most significant sustainability issue that the whole operation has to deal with. It also views on the criteria from the industry certification standard of sustainable tourism discussing the operations that stick to the set principles. Various ways of improving sustainability issues are discussed including the interrelationship that exists in social, economic and environmental sustainability aspects. The term sustainable tourism also referred to as responsible tourism can be defined as an act of making a gesture that brings about a positive difference to individuals and the surroundings of the destinations various people travel to. This can be achieved by following some fair and simple rules which include, giving respect to the local cultures as well as the natural surroundings, helping in protection of endangered wildlife, giving fair and sound economic returns to the families living within the localities by buying locally. Water and energy are extremely valuable resources that need care when using the therefore one should recognize this and practice too (Middleto & Hawkins, 2006). Putting efforts in conserving and enhancing various favorite destinations bearing in mind of the future enjoyment of visitors and the people living within those localities is something commendable. Lastly, it should be the duty of every individual to take responsibility of our own actions while enjoy ing ourselves. The projected layout should be in the heart of sustainable development. Three issues thus social, economic and environmental matters are inseparable according to studies. Depending on how well the people balance these three issues in the decisions they make today, the future will heavily rely on it. The tourism sector

Culture Clash Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Culture Clash - Research Paper Example Each of the group members were to offer an intervention strategy and give their feelings about the recipient of this intervention strategy. After hashing the scenario, all group members were to offer emotional advice to the group member with the new intervention innovation as though to console or criticize how the person chose to handle the given problem. This culture clash was produced by very different personalities and emotional responses and inherent cultural differences were noted. The group activity The scenario involved a hypothetical patient having a difficult time dealing with a parental figure who was both an alcoholic and a perfectionist. The patient was 19 years old, a white American male, still living home and currently unemployed after being let go from a modest-paying production salary. Part of the job perks had been the ability to use deductions from salary to pay for ongoing education, which was unaffordable due to the mother’s excessive costs of drinking and therefore the individual was currently not attending school. To make matters more difficult, the father consistently pressured the now-adult son to find a better path for himself and generally made the environment unsuitable and unsatisfactory living. Coupled with this, the loss of a trusted girlfriend due to an unexpected car accident just four months prior, the hypothetical psychological patient was withdrawing from others, but still remained motivated to become independent of his parents’ unsatisfactory environment. To identify the culture clash involved, it was necessary to outline the entire case study and all of the situations that came along with it. This youth was typically well-adjusted and the group was to come up with social and psychological strategies, or a blend of them both. The person in the group was to take on the role of a trusted friend who happens to be visiting the house during a period where the father is harassing the son in front of the polite company and obviously belittling his talents and attitudes. To add further fuel to the fire, the mother begins the same tirade and the arguments turn into a heated explosion where the entire group is at each other’s throats. In the group, there were primarily white Americans. However, there was one female Chinese group member, one obviously Middle Eastern individual, and an African-American male. The solution offered by the author involved taking a passive stand and just allowing the argument to continue unless the arguing family members asked for opinion or directed comments in the guest’s direction. This was to ensure neutrality in the case. When the group members gave their opinions and emotional responses to how I had chosen to handle this issue, most of the responses from virtually all cultures were criticizing. They seemed to believe that in order to end the chaotic environment that was leading to what looked like physical hostility, it was my responsibility to interven e and try to calm the situation. Conflict negotiation in this case was deemed best to be disruptive and preventative using appropriate soft language. I wholeheartedly disagreed with the group. Most of the responses from the white Americans involved a more passive stand in the situation. This could be due to the sociological norms that exist in the United States in relationship to image protectionism or the lure of curiosity